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7 SAWMILL AND DRY KILN HANDBOOKS ON CD
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7 Sawmill and Dry Kiln Handbooks on CD
Included on this CD are over 710 pages of extremely useful information.
7 Sawmill and Dry Kiln Handbooks will be of great benefit to any person interested in learning more about Sawmill and Dry Kilns.
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Table of Contents
Drying Hardwood Lumber
Drying Hardwood Lumber focuses on common methods for drying lumber of different thickness, with minimal drying defects, for high quality applications. This manual also includes predrying treatments that, when part of an overall quality-oriented drying system, reduce defects and improve drying quality, especially of oak lumber. Special attention is given to drying white wood, such as hard maple and ash, without sticker shadow or other discoloration. Several special drying methods, such as solar drying, are described, and proper techniques for storing dried lumber are discussed. Suggestions are provided for ways to economize on drying costs by reducing drying time and energy demands when feasible. Each chapter is accompanied by a list of references. Some references are cited in the chapter; others are listed as additional sources of information.
Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Drying Mechanisms of Wood
Chapter 3 Stock Preparation and Stacking
Chapter 4 Air Drying
Chapter 5 Drying Sheds
Chapter 6 Accelerated Air Drying and Predrying
Chapter 7 Conventional Kiln Drying
Chapter 8 Advanced Kiln Drying Procedures
Chapter 9 Drying Defects
Chapter 10 Special Drying Methods
Chapter 11 Storage of Dried Lumber
Chapter 12 Economics and Energy
Appendix A
Appendix B
Glossary
Drying Eastern Hardwood Lumber
The handbook is confined to eastern hardwoods because most of the hardwood timber grows in the Eastern United States. Much of the general methodology will apply to western hardwoods, but some species have special problems and some localities have severe air drying weather; western hardwood users should consult local authorities on specific questions. This publication should be of the greatest value to operating and managerial personnel responsible for hardwood lumber processing in hardwood mills, custom drying operations, and furniture plants. It should also help individuals dry small quantities of lumber inexpensively without sacrificing quality. Teachers and students should find this handbook helpful in career development programs.
Chapter 1 - Comparison of Drying Methods for Hardwoods
Chapter 2 - Stock Preparation and Stacking
Chapter 3 - Air Drying
Chapter 4 - Accelerated Air Drying
Chapter 5 - Conventional Kiln Drying
Chapter 6 - High Temperature Drying
Chapter 7 - Special Predrying Treatments
Chapter 8 - Other Methods of Drying
Chapter 9 - Storage of Dried Lumber
Chapter 10 - Economics and Energy
Appendix A - Species, Thicknesses, Drying Schedules, and Comments
Appendix B - Mixed Drying of Some Species by Simplified Schedules
Appendix C - Special Kiln Schedules for Special Purposes
Appendix D - Lumber Names, Tree Species, Seasoning Types, and Botanical Names Mentioned in This Handbook
Glossary
Circular Sawmills - Their Efficient Operation
This manual was written for circular sawmill operators who recognize the need for producing the maximum yield of well manufactured lumber in the shortest possible time.. It does not attempt to cover all aspects of sawmill operation; it is concerned only with the first and most important step - primary sawing - and all the mechanical components that affect the primary sawing function.
Introduction
Accurate Sawing of Lumber
Equipment Selection
Equipment Set Up
Equipment Operation and Maintenance
Bibliography
Specific Gravity Values
Standard Saw Gages
Dry Kiln Operator's Manual
The purpose of this manual is to describe both the basic and practical aspects of kiln drying lumber. The manual is intended for several types of audiences. First and foremost, it is a practical guide for the kiln operator-a reference manual to turn to when questions arise. It is also intended for mill managers, so that they can see the importance and complexity of lumber drying and thus be able to offer kiln operators the support they need to do their job well. Finally, the manual is intended as a classroom text-either for a short course on lumber drying or for the wood technology curriculum in universities or technical colleges.
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Properties of Wood Related to Drying
Chapter 2 - Kiln Types and Features
Chapter 3 - Dry Kiln Auxiliary Equipment
Chapter 4 - Inspection and Maintenance of Dry Kilns and Equipment
Chapter 5 - Stacking and Loading Lumber for Kiln Drying
Chapter 6 - Kiln Samples
Chapter 7 - Kiln Schedules
Chapter 8 - Drying Defects
Chapter 9 - Operating a Dry Kiln
Chapter 10 - Log and Lumber Storage
Chapter 11 - Energy in Kiln Drying
Glossary
Index
Air Drying of Lumber
This report describes how lumber can be air-dried most effectively under outdoor conditions and illustrates the principles and procedures of air-drying lumber that were developed through field investigations and observations of industrial practices. Particular emphasis is placed on the yarding of lumber in unit packages. Included are topics such as why lumber is dried, advantages and limitations of the drying process, properties of wood in relation to drying, layout of the drying yard, piling methods, causes and remedies of air-drying defects, and protection of air-dried lumber.
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Why Dry Lumber?
Chapter 2 - Wood Properties and Moisture
Chapter 3 - Air-Drying Process
Chapter 4 - Air-Drying Yard
Chapter 5 - Piling Methods For Air Drying
Chapter 6 - Air-Drying Defects—Causes and Remedies
Chapter 7 - Protection of Air-Dried Lumber
Appendix
Glossary
Electric Moisture Meters For Wood
Electric moisture meters for wood measure electric conductance (resistance) or dielectric properties, which vary fairly consistently with moisture content when it is less than 30 percent. The two major classes of electric moisture meters are the conductance (resistance) type and the dielectric type. Conductance-t ype meters use penetrating electrodes that measure in a small volume, so moisture gradients may be deduced by repeated measurements at increasing depths. Dielectric-type meters use surface electrodes that do not puncture the wood surface, and can measure the moisture content of relatively dry wood. This paper describes these major types of meter and includes detailed information on the kinds of electrodes used with each type.
Introduction
Electric Properties of Wood
Conductance-Type Moisture Meters
Dielectric-Type Moisture Meters
Accuracy of Moisture Meters
Maintenance of Moisture Meters
Literature Cited
Uses For Sawdust, Shavings and Waste Chips
Although many outlets are available for the utilization of wood fines, economical disposal of sawdust, shavings, and waste chips remains a problem of growing concern to the wood industry. This report summarizes current uses for wood residues and provides sources of further information on available outlets, processing methods, and economic considerations.
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