HEATING SYSTEMS Fuels Burners Boilers CD

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OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SMALL HEATING SYSTEMS

Illustrated - lots of images

Front Cover
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Chapter 2 - Fuels
Chapter 3 - Fuel Burning Equipment
Chapter 4 (pages 4-1 - 4-34) - - Steam Heating Systems
Chapter 4 (pages 4-35 - 4-58) - - Steam Heating Systems
Chapter 5 - Hot Water Heating Systems
Chapter 6 - - Warm Air Systems
Chapter 7 - Automatic Controls
Appendix A - Related Publications
Appendix B - Troubleshooting Underfeed Stokers
Appendix C - Troubleshooting Steam Pressure Pumping Systems
Bibliography
Glossary
Index
Back Cover

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Purpose and scope . . . . 1-1 1-1
References . . . . 1-2 1-1
Abbreviations and terms . . 1-3 1-1
Organization and responsibility . . 1-4 1-1
Systems overview . . . . 1-5 1-1
Energy conservation policy . . . . 1-6 1-2

Chapter 2. FUELS
Section 1. Coal
General . . . 2-1 2-1
Section II. Fuel Oils
General . . . 2-2 2-1
Classification of fuel oils . . 2-3 2-1
Oil tanks . . 2-4 2-2
Section III. Natural Gas
General . . . 2-5 2-3
Gas handling and storage . . 2-6 2-3
Gas handling precautions . . 2-7 2-4
Section IV. Liquefied Petroleum Gas
General . . . 2-8 2-4
Characteristics . . . 2-9 2-4
Specifications . . . 2-10 2-4
LPG storage and handling . . . . 2-11 2-4

CHAPTER 3. FUEL BURNING EQUIPMENT
Section 1. Coal Stokers
General . . . 3-1 3-1
Single-retort underfeed stokers . . 3-2 3-1
Operation . . 3-3 3-1
Inspection and maintenance procedures . . 3-4 3-2
Troubleshooting underfeed stokers . 3-5 3-2
Section II. Hand-Fired Coal Burners
General . . . 3-6 3-2
Furnace types . . . 3-7 3-2
Operation . . 3-8 3-4

Section III. Oil Burners
General . . . 3-9 3-5
Burner descriptions . . . . 3-10 3-5
Ignition procedures . . . . 3-11 3-9
Oil burner operation . . . 3-12 3-10
Inspection and maintenance of oil burners . 3-13 3-10
Fuel oil piping . . . 3-14 3-13
Section IV. Gas Burners
General . . . 3-15 3-16
Burner types with descriptions . . 3-16 3-16
Operation procedures . . . 3-17 3-16
Starting procedures . . . . 3-18 3-18
Inspection and maintenance . . . . 3-19 3-19
Paragraph Page

Section V. Dual Fuel (Oil/Gas) Burners
General . . . 3-20 3-21
Operation . . 3-21 3-21
Inspection and maintenance . . . . 3-22 3-21
Section VI. Energy Conservation
Adjustments to excess air . . . . 3-23 3-21

CHAPTER 4. STEAM HEATING SYSTEMS
General . . . 4-1 4-1
Section 1. Description of Systems
General . . . 4-2 4-1
Gravity one-pipe air vent system . . 4-3 4-1
Two-pipe vapor system with return trap . . 4-4 4-4
Two-pipe vapor system with condensate pump . . 4-5 4-5
Two-pipe vacuum system with vacuum pump . . 4-6 4-6
Section II. Boiler Types
Cast iron boilers . . 4-7 4-8
Steel boilers . . . . 4-8 4-11
Fire-tube boilers . . 4-9 4-11
Water-tube boilers . . . . 4-10 4-13
Initial operation and cleaning . . . 4-11 4-14
Special maintenance requirements . 4-12 4-14

Section III. Boiler Headers, Valves and Piping Connections
Installation . . . . 4-13 4-15
Maintenance . . . . 4-14 4-15
Section IV. Boiler Return Traps
Installation . . . . 4-15 4-15
Initial operation . . 4-16 4-18
Maintenance . . . . 4-17 4-18
Typical operating difficulties . . . 4-18 4-18
Section V. Condensate Pumps
General . . . 4-19 4-18
Installation . . . . 4-20 4-18
Operation . . 4-21 4-19
Maintenance . . . . 4-22 4-20
Typical operating difficulties . . . 4-23 4-20
Steam pressure pumping systems . 4-24 4-21

Section VI. Vacuum Pumps
General . . . 4-25 4-22
Installation . . . . 4-26 4-23
Controls . . 4-27 4-24
Initial operation and cleaning . . . 4-28 4-25
Maintenance . . . . 4-29 4-26
Typical operating difficulties . . . 4-30 4-26
Section VII. Water Level Regulators and Controls
General . . . 4-31 4-28
Installation . . . . 4-32 4-28
Initial operation and servicing . . . 4-33 4-29
Operation and maintenance . . . . 4-34 4-29
Typical operating difficulties . . . 4-35 4-29

Section VIII. Boiler Trimmings, Gauges, Pop Safety Valves
General . . . 4-36 4-33
Gauge glass breakage . . . 4-37 4-33
Installing gauge glasses . . 4-38 4-33
Testing and care . . 4-39 4-33
Steam pressure gauges . . . 4-40 4-33
Safety valves . . . 4-41 4-33
Blow-down pipes . . 4-42 4-34
Dampers . . 4-43 4-34
Section IX. Traps
General . . . 4-44 4-34
Thermostatic traps . . . . 4-45 4-34
Float and thermostatic traps and bucket traps . . . 4-46 4-36
Paragraph Page

Section X. Air Vents
General . . . 4-47 4-38
Installation and operation . . . . 4-48 4-38
Maintenance . . . . 4-49 4-38
Typical operating difficulties . . . 4-50 4-39
Section XI. Steam Radiators
General . . . 4-51 4-39
Installation . . . . 4-52 4-39
Initial operation and cleaning . . . 4-53 4-39
Typical operating difficulties . . . 4-54 4-39
Section XII. Steam Unit Heaters
General . . . 4-55 4-39
Installation . . . . 4-56 4-42
Maintenance . . . . 4-57 4-43
Typical operating difficulties . . . 4-58 4-43

Section XIII. Steam Heating Coils
General . . . 4-59 4-43
Installation . . . . 4-60 4-43
Initial operation and cleaning . . . 4-61 4-44
Maintenance . . . . 4-62 4-44
Typical operating difficulties . . . 4-63 4-44
Section XIV. Steam Humidifiers
General . . . 4-64 4-44
Installation of duct type humidifiers . . . 4-65 4-44
Installation of unit humidifiers . . . 4-66 4-45
Section XV. Pressure Reducing Valves
Types . . . 4-67 4-45
Installation and initial operation . . 4-68 4-46
Operation and maintenance . . . . 4-69 4-47
Typical operating difficulties . . . 4-70 4-48

Section XVI. General Procedures for Operation and Maintenance
General . . . 4-71 4-48
Valves and piping . . . . 4-72 4-48
Water level . . . . 4-73 4-48
Combustion equipment and controls . . . 474 4-48
Boiler structure . . 4-75 4-49
Housekeeping . . . 4-76 4-49
Section XVII. Typical Steam Heating Operating Difficulties
Water line fluctuation . . . 4-77 4-49
Low water level . . 4-78 4-49
Loss of pressure . . 4-79 4-49
Pounding in the system . . 4-80 4-50
Heating unit malfunction . . 4-81 4-50
Failure of space to heat . . 4-82 4-50
Pump venting steam . . . . 4-83 4-50
Pump venting water . . . . 4-84 4-50
Steel boiler failure . . . . 4-85 4-51
Cast iron boiler failure . . . 4-86 4-51
Boiler room smoke . . . . 4-87 4-51

Section XVIII. Summer Lay-up Procedures
General . . . 4-88 4-52
Draining system . . 4-89 4-52
Boiler cleaning and lay up . . . . 4-90 4-52
Stokers . . . 4-91 4-53
Oil burners . . . . 4-92 4-54
Gas burners . . . . 4-93 4-54
Pumps . . . 4-94 4-54
Valves and strainers . . . . 4-95 4-54
Traps . . . 4-96 4-54
Controls and electrical connections . 4-97 4-55
Stack and breeching . . . . 4-98 4-55
Paragraph Page

Section XIX. Energy Conservation
Isolate off-line boilers . . . 4-99 4-55
Maintenance of pipe and boiler insulation . 4-100 4-56
Steam trap leak detection . . 4-101 4-56
CHAPTER 5. HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS
Section 1. Gravity Systems
General . . . 5-1 5-1
Equipment . . . . 5-2 5-1
Startup . . . 5-3 5-2
Water level . . . . 5-4 5-2
Inspection and maintenance . . . . 5-5 5-2
Section II. Forced Circulation Systems
General . . . 5-6 5-2
Equipment . . . . 5-7 5-3
Piping systems . . . 5-8 5-4
Inspection and maintenance . . . . 5-9 5-5
Section III. Hot Water Fan-Coil Units
General . . . 5-10 5-6
Fan coil capacity control . . 5-11 5-7
Electrical requirements . . 5-12 5-7
Maintenance . . . . 5-13 5-8

Section IV. Heat Exchangers
General . . . 5-14 5-8
Installation . . . . 5-15 5-8
Operation . . 5-16 5-9
Maintenance . . . . 5-17 5-9
Section V. Energy Conservation
Hot water temperature reduction . . 5-18 5-9
Night setback . . . 5-19 5-10
CHAPTER 6. WARM AIR SYSTEMS
Section I. Description of Systems
Warm air furnaces . . . . 6-1 6-1
Gravity warm-air heating systems . 6-2 6-1
Forced warm-air heating systems . 6-3 6-2
Ratings of warm air furnaces . . . 6-4 6-4
Section II. Coal Fired Warm Air Furnaces
Steel furnaces . . . 6-5 6-4
Cast iron furnaces . . . . 6-6 6-5
Ratings and sizes . . 6-7 6-5
Smokepipe . . . . 6-8 6-5
Motor damper . . . 6-9 6-7
Chimney . . 6-10 6-7
Section III. Oil-Fired Warm Air Furnaces
General description . . . . 6-11 6-8
Oil furnaces . . . . 6-12 6-8
Oil-conversion furnace . . 6-13 6-8
Section IV. Gas-Fired Warm Air Furnaces
General . . . 6-14 6-12
Construction . . . . 6-15 6-15
Furnace rating . . . 6-16 6-15
Central furnaces . . 6-17 6-15
Vertical furnaces (hi-boy type) . . 6-18 6-15
Horizontal furnaces . . . . 6-19 6-16
Gas conversion furnaces . . 6-20 6-17
Fully condensing furnaces . . . . 6-21 6-18
Fully condensing furnace maintanance . . 6-22 6-19
Pulse Combustion furnaces . . . . 6-23 6-20
Pulse combustion furnace maintenance . . 6-24 6-20
Automatic vent dampers . . 6-25 6-21
TM 5-642
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Paragraph Page
Section V. Gas-Fired Unit Heaters
General . . . 6-26 6-22
Description . . . . 6-27 6-22
Operation . . 6-28 6-22
Installation . . . . 6-29 6-23
Section VI. Infrared Heaters
Gas-fired infrared heaters . . . . 6-30 6-24
Electric infrared heaters . . 6-31 6-25
Oil-fired infrared heaters . . 6-32 6-26
Precautions . . . . 6-33 6-26
Maintenance . . . . 6-34 6-27

Section VII. Operating and Maintenance Procedures
General . . . 6-35 6-27
Blower and motor maintenance . . 6-36 6-27
Air filter maintenance . . . 6-37 6-29
Humidifiers . . . . 6-38 6-29
Blower and limit controls . . . . 6-39 6-33
Troubleshooting . . 6-40 6-33
Section VIII. Energy Conservation
Space temperature setback . . . . 6-41 6-34
Maintenance of duct insulation . . 6-42 6-35

CHAPTER 7. AUTOMATIC CONTROLS
Section I. General
Types of controls and control systems . . . 7-1 7-1
Thermostats . . . . 7-2 7-1
Primary controls . . 7-3 7-1
Limit controls and safeties . . . . 7-4 7-1

Section II. Operation and Maintenance
General . . . 7-5 7-1
Thermostats . . . . 7-6 7-2
Hand fired coal primary controls . . 7-7 7-3
Coal stoker primary controls . . . 7-8 7-4
Oil burner primary controls . . . . 7-9 7-4
Gas burner primary controls . . . 7-10 7-5
Limit controls . . . 7-11 7-8
Safety pilot and pilotstat . . 7-12 7-10
Auxiliary controls . . . . 7-13 7-10

APPENDIX A. RELATED PUBLICATIONS . . . A-1
Appendix B. TROUBLESHOOTING UNDERFEED STOKERS . . . B-1
Appendix C. TROUBLESHOOTING STEAM PRESSURE PUMPING SYSTEMS . C-1
BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . Bibliography-1
GLOSSARY. . . Glossary-1
INDEX. . . I-1

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good post-sale follow up; fast mailing. would def. do biz again with you! =-)   Buyer   geonav1( 17)    Jul-09-04 17:02   3825410421     Awlsome product and packaging....A+++++++++++ Ebayer...Thank You   Buyer   blong7( 84)    Jun-28-04 20:00   3821495505     Great Product Fast delivery A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+A+   Buyer   bigslammy( 62)    Mar-20-04 16:49   3802763829